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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋam | om č́ujakaŋ |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋat | ot č́ujakaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋeš | ok/ogeš č́ujakaŋ |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na č́ujakaŋ |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da č́ujakaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑t | ogə̑t č́ujakaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑m | šə̑m č́ujakaŋ |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ č́ujakaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋe | ə̑š č́ujakaŋ |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋna | ə̑šna č́ujakaŋ |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋda | ə̑šda č́ujakaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑č́ | ə̑št č́ujakaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑nam | č́ujakaŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑nat | č́ujakaŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑n | č́ujakaŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nna | č́ujakaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nda | č́ujakaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nə̑t | č́ujakaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋam ə̑l'e | om č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋat ə̑l'e | ot č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋam ulmaš | om č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋat ulmaš | ot č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | č́ujakaŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | č́ujakaŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑n ə̑l'e | č́ujakaŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | č́ujakaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | č́ujakaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | č́ujakaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑nam ulmaš | č́ujakaŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑nat ulmaš | č́ujakaŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋə̑n ulmaš | č́ujakaŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nna ulmaš | č́ujakaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nda ulmaš | č́ujakaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | č́ujakaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋ | it č́ujakaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋže | ə̑nže č́ujakaŋ |
| 1PL: | (č́ujakaŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na č́ujakaŋ) |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋza | ida č́ujakaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št č́ujakaŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋnem | ə̑nem č́ujakaŋ |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋnet | ə̑net č́ujakaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋneže | ə̑než č́ujakaŋ |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋnena | ə̑nena č́ujakaŋ |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋneda | ə̑neda č́ujakaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋnešt | ə̑nešt č́ujakaŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́ujakaŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́ujakaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt č́ujakaŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́ujakaŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́ujakaŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | č́ujakaŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́ujakaŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt č́ujakaŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | č́ujakaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | č́ujakaŋman |
| Active participle: | č́ujakaŋše |
| Passive participle: | č́ujakaŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | č́ujakaŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | č́ujakaŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | č́ujakaŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | č́ujakaŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | č́ujakaŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | č́ujakaŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | č́ujakaŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | č́ujakaŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | č́ujakaŋdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||